Crude oil

Ensuring the safety of people and processes is critical for every oil refinery today. Key to achieving these goals is the ability to accurately measure liquid levels throughout the crude oil production process. That’s why using effective level measurement controls is crucial for both process control and safety shutdown systems.

Applications

Crude dehydration

Not all water is removed from crude oil during the first stage of gravity separation. Separated crude may contain up to 15% water which exists in an emulsified form that is difficult for a separator to remove. The oil and water emulsion must be...
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Crude desalting

Salt in the crude stream presents serious corrosion and scaling problems and must be removed. Salt is dissolved within the remnant brine of the crude oil. Desalting removes both salt and the residual free water. Though the refinery is the most...
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Crude Dewatering

All unrefined crude oil stored in tanks has a percentage of water entrained within it, and while stored in tanks, separation naturally occurs with water collecting at the bottom of the tank beneath the oil. The two fluids are very distinct except...
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Crude stabilization - degassing

By removing dissolved gases and hydrogen sulfide, crude stabilization and sweetening processes diminish safety and corrosion problems. Gases are removed by a stabilizer. Sweetening employs stabilization or vaporization processes along with a gas...
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Drilling fluid tanks

A cement slurry prepared on location (or trucked in) cements the well casing. Drilling fluids lubricate the drill bit, remove cuttings, prevent open wellbore collapse and maintain hydrostatic equilibrium for blowout protection. Water- and oil-...
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Flare stacks & headers

Hydrocarbon gases are often flared in a high-temperature oxidation process which burns combustible components of waste. Environmental laws and restrictions mandate the precise monitoring of flared gases on oil and gas platforms. A flow meter is...
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Gun-barrel separators

CHALLENGES Ineffective measurement of the emulsion (rag) layer in the gun-barrel separator means: • Unclear understanding of total tank battery capacities at wellsites and saltwater disposal facilities (separators and storage tanks) • Increased...
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Horizontal separators

CHALLENGES Lack of control of the emulsion layer in the separator means fluctuations in lift costs per BOE: • Not accomplishing primary goal: removing water from oil • Reduced separator efficiency and equipment uptime • Increased cost of...
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Process & Field storage tanks

Crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGLs) and water are stored in oil and gas fields. Unlike midstream tank farms at terminals and refineries, field storage consists of smaller vessels associated with oil, gas and water processing. Diesel generator...
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Production Fluid Storage

A variety of chemicals are typically stored in the field or processing facility to expedite processing time by preconditioning an inlet fluid. These fluids may first enter into a hold tank to allow upstream solids and liquids time to separate...
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Tank blanketing

Nitrogen - the most widely used commercial gas - is the ideal tank blanketing gas when injected into the vapor space of a storage tank. It prevents ignition of flammable liquids, inhibits vapor loss, and protects chemicals, pharmaceuticals and...
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Vapor recovery unit

If allowed to escape into the atmosphere, hydrocarbon vapors diminish income through loss of hydrocarbon volume and create fire hazards and pollution problems. A Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU) collects vapors from storage and loading facilities,...
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Wellstream separation

The first step in processing the well stream is to separate the crude oil, natural gas and water phases into separate streams. Oil and gas fields utilize two-phase gas/oil and gas/condensate separators as well as three-phase gas/oil/water...
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